短期非融合固定治疗枢椎齿状突Ⅱ型骨折后的颈椎活动度

[目的]探讨短期寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉非融合固定治疗枢椎齿状突Ⅱ型骨折后颈椎活动功能。[方法]2012年2月~2017年12月,选取枢椎齿状突II型骨折后接受后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉非融合内固定术,并二次手术取出内固定物的患者32例。对比患者自身前后两次手术后颈椎过伸过屈、左右旋转角度,同时参考正常人群颈椎活动度进行比较。[结果]32例患者均顺利完成C1/2椎弓根螺钉非融合内固定术,经影像学确认内固定位置良好,无血管、神经损伤等并发症的发生。于初次内固定术后4~15个月,平均(9.55±2.72)个月,32例患者再次入院行内固定取出术。取内固定术后平均随访(16.41±4.25)个月。末次随访时32例患者前屈、后伸、左旋转和右旋转ROM均显著大于取内固定之前角度(P<0.05),但仍显著不及正常人。[结论]短期寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉非融合内固定治疗枢椎齿状突骨折,可有效保留颈椎活动功能,值得临床推广应用。     

Macroscopic and Histological Evaluations of Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Using Gamma Irradiated Meniscus: A Comparative in Vivo Animal Study

Background:

Many studies suggest that the gamma irradiation decreases allograft strength in a dose-dependent manner. However, no study has demonstrated that this decrease in strength translates into higher failure rate in meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on macroscopic and histological alterations of transplanted meniscal tissue and joint cartilage after MAT.

Methods:

Medial total meniscectomies were performed on the right knees of 60 New Zealand white rabbits. All meniscal allografts were divided into three groups (20 in each group) and then sterilized with 0 Mrad, 1.5 Mrad, or 2.5 Mrad of gamma irradiation. For each group, 5 menisci were randomly chosen for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis and the remaining 15 were prepared for MAT surgeries. Forty-five right knees received MAT surgeries (0 Mrad group, 1.5 Mrad group, 2.5 Mrad group, 15 in each group), whereas the remaining 15 only received medial meniscectomy (Meni group). The left knees of the Meni group were chosen as the Sham group (n = 15). All the rabbits were sacrificed at week 24 postoperatively. Cartilage of the medial compartment of each group was evaluated macroscopically using the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) score and then histologically using the Mankin score based on the Masson Trichrome staining.

Results:

The SEM analysis confirmed that the meniscal collagen fibers would be significantly damaged as the dose of gamma irradiation increased. At week 24, the overall scores of macroscopic evaluations of the transplanted meniscal tissue showed no significant differences among the three groups receiving MAT surgeries, except for 2 in the 2.5 Mrad group presented partial radial tears at midbody. The ICRS scores and the Mankin scores showed the lowest in the Sham group and the highest in the Meni group (P < 0.05). For the three groups receiving MAT surgeries, the 2.5 Mrad group showed significant higher ICRS scores and Mankin scores than both the 0 Mrad group and the 1.5 Mrad group (P < 0.05). Whereas the 1.5 Mrad group presented similar results to the 0 Mrad group concerning both the ICRS scores and the Mankin scores.

Conclusions:

The current in vivo animal study proved that although the meniscal collagen fibers were damaged after gamma irradiation, the failure rate of MAT surgeries might not significantly increase if the irradiation dose was <1.5 Mrad for New Zealand white rabbits.     

后路椎体间打压植骨融合治疗腰椎失稳的临床观察

目的:探讨后路椎体间打压植骨融合术治疗腰椎失稳症的临床疗效和适应证。方法:分析2001年1月至2008年7月95例腰椎失稳行后路椎体间打压植骨融合术的患者,其中男41例,女54例;年龄45～76岁,平均59岁。其中单节段68例,2节段22例,3节段5例,共127个椎间隙。术中椎管及患侧神经根彻底减压,由患侧切除椎间盘组织,大范围刮除软骨板直至终板,使用切除的椎板等骨质打压植骨,配合椎弓根螺钉内固定。观察手术前后的症状体征并进行JOA评分;通过腰椎X线片测量手术前后椎间高度变化并根据SUK方法观察植骨融合情况。结果:95例患者均获得随访,时间12～90个月,平均44.8个月。术后临床症状明显缓解或消失,127个椎间隙均获融合,未发生植入骨移位及严重并发症。影像学示术后椎间高度较术前显著增加。术后8周JOA评分为(25.1±2.8)分,最终随访时(24.8±3.2)分,与术前(11.3±3.3)分相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。结论:后路椎体间打压植骨融合术可作为治疗腰椎失稳的有效方法之一,适用范围广,尤其适用于老年腰椎退变性不稳。     

针刀松解法治疗第三腰椎横突综合征的多中心随机对照临床研究

目的:评价针刀松解法治疗第三腰椎横突综合征的临床疗效。方法:180例第三腰椎横突综合征患者随机分为针刀组和电针组,每组各90例,分别给予针刀松解法和电针疗法干预,共3周。采用JOA下腰痛评分表评价两组治疗前、治治疗后及治治疗后6月随访时的疗效。结果:两组治治疗后和随访时下腰痛、腿痛或麻木感、步态、腿抬高和加强试验、感觉障碍和运动障碍等评分均较治疗前明显增高,组间比较治治疗后和随访时评分与治疗前评分差值,针刀组下腰痛、腿痛或麻木感、步态、直腿抬高和加强试验的治疗后评分差值和随访评分差值均高于电针组,JOA评分等级分布优于电针组。结论:针刀松解法对治疗第三腰椎横突综合征有很好的近期疗效和远期疗效,在减轻疼痛症状和改善下肢功能方面优于电针疗法。     

寰枢椎脱位的外科分型及其处理对策

目的:寻找一种概念明确的寰枢椎脱位的外科分型方法,为临床处理脱位提供指导方案。方法:总结三家医院收治的168例不同病因所致C1-2脱位患者的临床资料,根据脱位的复位情况将其分为3型:(1)牵引复位型(tractionreductiontype,T型),该型又以复位后的稳定性不同分为T1和T2型;(2)手术复位型(operationreductiontype,O型);(3)不可复位型(irreducibletype,I型)。简称TOI分型。T1型采用牵引或支具治疗8～10周;T2型采用牵引复位后固定融合(其中6例只行C1-2临时固定,不行融合);O型采用前路松解 后路复位固定融合;I型实施减压原位固定融合。根据Symon和Lavender临床标准、JOA脊髓功能评定标准和影像学测量C1-2脊髓有效空间(spaceavailableforthecord,SAC)进行疗效评定。结果:168例中,T型137例(81%),其中T1型71例(43%),T2型66例(38%);O型28例(17%);I型3例(2%)。术前SAC为3～13mm,平均8mm,术后为11～19mm,平均16mm。术后脊髓功能改善率平均为64.7%;临床有效率为88.7%。T型病例中77例未融合固定者愈合后仍保留C1-2活动功能。结论:寰枢椎脱位的TOI外科分型概念清楚,界定明确,可根据分型选择相应的寰枢椎脱位处理方式。     

腰椎后路非融合固定系统的临床应用

复习腰椎后路非融合固定系统的设计原理、临床应用及治疗效果等相关文献,与传统的脊柱融合术相比,应用非融合系统可获得很好的疗效,并可以减少邻近节段退变的发生率。     

聚焦式体外冲击波联合离心锻炼治疗大转子疼痛综合征

目的：探讨聚焦式体外冲击波联合离心锻炼治疗股骨大转子疼痛综合征的临床疗效。方法：2017年9月至2019年6月,将符合研究标准的53例股骨大转子疼痛综合征（greater trochanteric pain syndrome,GTPS）的患者分为观察组（29例）和对照组（24例）。观察组,男8例,女21例,年龄38~62（49.96±6.39）岁,病程6~13（8.58±1.99）个月,采用聚焦式体外冲击波联合离心锻炼治疗;对照组,男5例,女19例,年龄39~62（52.79±5.86）岁,病程6~14（9.04±2.51）个月,单纯采用离心锻炼治疗。分别使用疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）和髋关节Harris评分评估两组患者治疗前及治疗后1、2、6个月时髋部疼痛缓解程度及髋关节功能恢复情况,比较治疗效果。结果：治疗后1个月,两组VAS、髋关节Harris评分及治疗成功率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;2个月时,观察组VAS （3.20±0.81）分低于对照组的（3.87±0.61）分（P<0.05）,髋关节Harris评分（81.93±2.43）分与对照组（82.12±2.34）分比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.770）,治疗成功率（58.62%,17/29）高于对照组（29.16%,7/24）（P=0.032）;6个月时,观察组VAS （2.24±0.68）分低于对照组的（3.12±0.53）分（P<0.001）,髋关节Harris评分（85.10±1.75）分高于对照组的（83.66±1.78）分（P=0.005）,治疗成功率（82.75%,24/29）与对照组（62.50%,15/24）比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.096）。结论：聚焦式体外冲击波联合离心锻炼能够显著缓解大转子疼痛综合征患者髋部疼痛症状,改善髋关节功能,安全性可靠,值得在临床实践中应用推广。     

Enamel distribution, structure and mechanical alterations in col1-caPPR mice molar

Enamel mineralisation is a highly controlled process in which the deposition, growth, and maturation of inorganic crystallites are regulated by secreted matrix proteins at the molecular and cellular level. Maxillary and mandibular first molars from the col1-caPPR mutants as well as normal controls aged for 12 weeks were observed by SEM and nanoindentation, respectively. Several types of aberrations in enamel distribution and crystal organisation were encountered in the transgenic molars. Also, the gene alteration resulted in degradation by as much as 23.42% in hardness and 17.56% in the elastic modulus. These data suggested that gene mutation altered the ameloblastic differentiation and movement, resulting in variations of crystal arrangement patterns, aberrations of enamel distribution, and degradation of mechanical behaviour. Furthermore, the col1-caPPR mouse model was determined as useful for studying how the genes modulate the biomineralisation process.     

术后肾阻力指数对老年髋关节置换 术后急性肾损伤的诊断价值

目的 探讨术后肾阻力指数（RI）对老年髋关节置换术后急性肾损伤（AKI）的诊断价值。方法 选取2015 年12 月-2016 年12 月该院收住的91 例老年髋关节置换术后患者。应用超声测定肾脏叶间动脉 RI,根据7 d 内是否发生AKI 分为非AKI 组和AKI 组;比较两组RI 大小,同时绘制术后RI 和血肌酐（Scr） 受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,比较两者曲线下面积。结果 纳入研究的91 例患者,非AKI 组47 例,AKI 组 44 例。AKI 组术后肾RI 值（0.74±0.03）高于非AKI 组（0.62±0.04）,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;术后肾RI 和 Scr 对AKI 诊断ROC 曲线下面积分别为0.955（95%CI ：0.912,0.980）、0.778（95%CI ：0.681,0.876）。结论 老年髋关节置换术后较高的肾RI 与AKI 发生有关,可作为AKI 的诊断指标。     

Solis融合器在颈椎前路手术中的应用

前路减压植骨钛板固定是治疗颈椎病常见的方法,椎体融合器的出现为颈椎疾病的治疗提供了新的治疗手段,我院自2002年至2006年使用Solis融合器对32例颈椎病进行治疗,取得了良好的效果。